When soil erosion is severe, soil erodes faster than it can be renewed. Readers should send their comments on this paper to. Poor farming systems have contributed to collapse of soil structure and thus encouraging accelerated runoff and soil loss due to erosion. The steeper the slope, the greater the erosion as a result of the increased velocity of water flow. Effectiveness of gully erosion control measures in edo.
Soil particles are loosened, washed down the slope of the land and either end up in the valley. Observations have shown clearly that gully erosion is more prevalent in sedimentary terrain than in the basement complex of nigeria. Erosion is one of the surface processes that sculpture the earths landscape and constitutes one of the global environmental problems. Recent increase in the number of reported severe landslides in south eastern states of the country is an attestation to. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. Soil degradation is a serious problem in nigeria world bank, 1990. The study examined the effectiveness of gully erosion control measures in edo state, nigeria. Summary soil erosion is a serious environmental issue in south east nigeria. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. An important factor which contributes significantly to soil erosion problem in southern nigeria is anthopogenic influence arising from misuse of land. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass. Soil erosion, rusle, gis, soil erosion sensitivity assessment. Land degradation, soil erosion and soil conservation pmf ias. Status and challenges of soil management in nigeria.
Introduction soil erosion is the single major process responsible for the loss of billion tonnes of soils worldwide. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile. Climate changerelated heavier and steadier than normal rainfall that is expected in the southern part of the country will worsen soil erosion that is already of catastrophic condition in the subregion. The extent of damage associated with soil erosion is analyzed, with emphasis on the impact these may have on future human food security as well as the natural environment. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. There are prominent erosion sites in nigeria especially in the east and south, august, 2019 the human trol t is generally clear that the a increases, the more the ea increases, especially if the population are not erosion is one of the ffect the whole world but in. The objectives are to investigate erosion prone areas in edo state.
For most areas of iowa, the loss of 1 inch per acre of. Soil erosion and sedimentation control program sesc part 91, soil erosion and sedimentation control, of the natural resources and environmental protection act nrepa part 91 provides for the control of soil erosion and protects adjacent properties and the waters of the state from sedimentation. Nigeria final report of the land degradation neutrality. Soil erosion is a grave environmental hazard that has both natural and human causes.
Indigenous approach to soil erosion control in the southwest nigeria fig working week 2012 knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage rome, italy, 6 10 may, 2012 1. Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in nigeria and to be able to appreciate the full implications of the phenomenon, one should understand the factors responsible for its inception and development. An assessment of gully erosion in kano metropolis, nigeria. Based on the results of this study, we posit that communitybased land management practices and public awareness on the causes and solutions could prevent the onset of gully erosion within the southeastern region of nigeria. The research adopted questionnaire administration and direct field observation as methodological. Soil erosion is a major environmental issue because it can lead to water pollution. Introduction the spate of land degradationthrough soil erosion i s of great concern in south east nigeria. Keywords soil erosion, rusle, gis, soil erosion sensitivity assessment 1. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses. Soil erosion which is simply a systematic removal of soil, including plant nutrients, from the land surface by the various agents of denudation occurs in several parts of nigeria under different geological, climatic and soil conditions.
However human activities also accelerate the process of erosion in this area. The permitting process for erosion control in delta county is done by the delta conservation district, 6822 us highway 2 41 m35, gladstone, mi, 48937. The nigerian government has put up various programefforts in the past to address the menace with insignificant results. Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies rills randomly occur 9gully erosion with increased rainfall duration and intensity, runoff volumes increase and concentrate in small ravines. Assessment of environmental impacts and remedies for gully. Methods and guidelines for assessing sustainable use of soil and water. In nigeria, increasing evidence indicates a deteriorating manland relationship. Pdf assessment of soil erosion using rusle2 model and. There are a few types of earth change activities that do not require permits. Deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, soil salinization, alkalinization. This erosion activity at various scales has resulted in the loss of lives and properties almost on a yearly basis. In this study, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are evaluated. Soils, soil characteristics and factors affecting management.
Resolving the gully erosion problem in southeastern. Negative changes in landscape quality, lowering both the productivity and aesthetic quality of the natural environment, may have serious effects on the nations economy. An assessment of gully erosion in kano metropolis, nigeria 1 mallam i, 2 iguisi e. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. Soil erosion is perhaps the most serious mechanism of land degradation in the tropics elswaify, et al. Soil surface management in the tropics for intensive land use and high sustained production. Soil erosion and the effects of soil erosion on crop productivity have become emotional issues and have attracted the attention of agriculturists, environmentalists, and the public in general. But did you know that soil erosion also can seriously impair crop productivity. In anambra state and the southeastern zone of nigeria, the agents of this soil displacement is basically flooding exacerbated by climatic variability. The greatest threat to the environmental settings of southeastern nigeria is the gradual but constant dissection of the landscape by soil erosion by water. The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. Overview of the anthropogenic causes of soil erosion in. In southeastern nigeria, soil and gully erosion and landslides are responsible for the widespread destructions of human, animal and plant lives, domestic, industrial and commercial property, transportation and communication systems, degradation of arable lands, contamination of surface.
Soil erosion is a growing problem in nigeria, particularly in southeastern nigeria. Pdf the development of gullies and other forms of erosion have become the greatest environmental hazard and disaster rampant in. Soil erosion by water is a continuing, longterm problem in southeastern nigeria forming a threat to infrastructure and agricultural production grove, 1951. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project the objective of the erosion and watershed management project for nigeria is to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted subwatersheds. Various agents, like wind, water, deforestation, overgrazing by cattle, etc.
Soil erosion assessment at the udinsukka cuesta southeastern. Department of crop, soil and pest management, federal university of technology, akure, ondo state, nigeria. The highest concentration of severe gully erosion in nigeria is found in five. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. In spite of heavy investments in research and development, the global rates of accelerated erosion are now presumbly higher than ever before. In rural areas, declining soil fertility and soil erosion threaten the ability to produce sufficient food. The greatest challenge for sustainable soil management. Land degradation soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass production 365 the savannas of nigeria and agricultural production nigeria is located in the tropical zone between latitude 4o and 14on, and longitude 2oe, with a vast area having savanna vegetation figure 1. This is the size and distribution of soil particles.
Geotechnical assessment of gully erosion at ankpa area. Status of nigeria s soil according to agboola 1986, nigerian soils are generally light. Abstract the development of gullies and other forms of erosion. The greater the size of the slopping area, the greater the concentration of the flooding water. This paper deals with the present statusstate of nigeria s soil and the challenges of soil management in the country. The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. However, gully is visually the most impressive of all types of erosion elswaify, 1990. R 1 department of environmental management and toxicology, federal university, dutse, nigeria.
Long term assessment and mapping of erosion hotspots in. Soil erosion caused by water is triggered by a complex interaction process of many factors such as natural climate, topography, soil. Erosion, scour, and foundation design january 2009 page 3 of 8 there is one other erosion and scour scenario to consider in foundation design the loss of soil around or under a building as a result of storm surge flow being channeled or directed across a building site. When a raindrop hits soil that is not protected by a cover of vegetation and where there are no roots to bind the soil, it has the impact of a bullet. This study focused on the estimation of the rate of soil erosion and soil loss potential using revised universal soil loss equation rusle2 and arcgis in the upper. Since, water is viewed as an indispensable natural resource for. Land use control and natural resource management in nigeria. Soil erosion is an ecological process in which soil is displaced faster than it can be replenished. Thus, while it is true to observe that soil erosion is one of the most striking features on the land surface of southeastern nigeria, especially in omambala anambra. Long term assessment and mapping of erosion hotspots in south east nigeria obinna c. Most agriculture activities, especially on sloping landscapes, increase the potential for soil erosion. Gully erosion and landslides in southeastern nigeria.
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